This is according to a new prospective cohort study. Its findings underscore the growing role of simulation-based education in preparing the next generation of surgeons.
Sixteen sixth-year medical students were divided into two groups to compare the effectiveness of traditional suture pads versus 3D-printed intestinal anastomosis models.
Both groups underwent four weeks of open and laparoscopic surgical training, followed by standardised exams designed to assess their performance.
Both demonstrated comparable skill levels at the start. However, by the end of the study, the group trained with the 3D-printed models outperformed their peers in both open and laparoscopic suturing.
Notably, while students using the 3D models required more time to complete their tasks, their improved scores and demonstrated skills highlighted the model’s ability to accelerate mastery of complex surgical techniques.
In addition to superior performance, the study revealed that students trained with the 3D models showed heightened interest in surgery and technical training.
Post-training questionnaires reflected increased engagement and recognition of the value of surgical practice, suggesting that the realistic tactile and visual feedback provided by 3D-printed models could motivate students to explore surgical specialties.
The introduction of realistic 3D-printed models seeks to bridge a well-recognised gap in surgical education.
Historically, medical students have relied on basic benchtop models, such as foam pads, for suturing practice.
While these are inexpensive and provide opportunities for repetitive practice, they fail to replicate the complexities of real surgical scenarios.
This gap in training can leave medical graduates feeling underprepared when they enter residency programmes, where expectations for technical proficiency remain high despite limited opportunities for hands-on experience in operating rooms.
Unlike traditional suture pads, the 3D-printed models simulate realistic surgical anatomy based on CT scan reconstructions. This allows trainees to practice under conditions that mimic actual operations, including the positioning of the model, mastery of surgical steps, and decision-making on stitch angles.
As the study demonstrated, these additional layers of complexity translated into better performance scores and faster skill acquisition than traditional methods.
Beyond their educational advantages, 3D-printed models present a cost-effective, reusable and environmentally sustainable alternative to cadaver-based training.
Advances in printing technology and affordable materials have made these models more accessible while reducing reliance on animal or cadaver specimens.
While this study focused on beginner-level skills, future research could explore their application in more complex surgical scenarios and among more advanced trainees, such as residents and fellows.
